N° 5 May 2019

This Month Focus On...

Panero: “Innovation is transversal: TTS Italia is an aggregator of visions and skills for smart mobility "

Aggregating the many faces of mobility under the sign of innovation. According to Rossella Panero, reconfirmed as President of TTS Italia in the past weeks, this is the added value that her association can give to smart mobility. Panero sees in the relationship with the public administration an optimal solution to support the choices on the territories. For this reason, she intends to consolidate the work of the local authority platform that the association launched a few years ago, without losing sight of the updating of the ITS Plan and the implementation of the SUMPS.

Rossella Panero, you have just been re-elected to the presidency of TTS Italia. What does it mean today to lead an association that has innovation in its DNA?
It certainly means making people understand that innovation is transversal to the many and diverse fields of mobility. TTS Italia has found itself collaborating in recent years with many associations that follow the sector vertically and with the institutions that have the task of accompanying the development of transport. Our association is able to play an aggregative role where the common factor is precisely the innovative use of technologies and, I believe, has also contributed to change some reference models of mobility, for example by pushing towards shared solutions, open platforms, common and safe systems.

In your opinion, what are the challenges you will face in the next three years?
I believe it is important to consolidate the relationship with the local authorities that are the main interlocutors for our companies. Over the past few years TTS Italia has already successfully launched the platform of local authorities, a sort of meeting place between the demand and supply of ITS. I plan to continue this work, to expand the audience of the bodies involved, but above all to provide public administrators with the adequate support to be able to make the right choices in the innovation of mobility. Another important topic are the SUMPS (Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans, ed.) that many cities are implementing and that must be implemented from a technological and smart perspective in the service of increasingly sustainable mobility. At least but not last, we have the work on the ITS Plan that for now has been implemented patchy and should be updated. On this front, I would also like to involve institutions and local authorities to check the state of the art and propose improvements.

What were the most important steps in your mandate, which began in 2011?
I would like to make an introduction. In these years TTS Italia has become a real point of reference at national and international level in terms of ITS and smart mobility. This is due to the great professionalism of the people who worked for it every day and whom I thank. Having said that, I believe that one of the most important steps has been the creation of the platform of local authorities that has strongly contributed to the diffusion of innovation culture in public administrations. Another key step was the drafting of the ITS Plan in which TTS Italia played a constant interface with the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport. Finally, I believe that a good intuition of our association has been to have strengthened the information in the sector, offering the possibility to the members to have services that help to better understand the sector, the market and evolutionary trends.

You are also director of 5T, the company that follows the technological development of smart mobility for the city of Turin and the Piedmont Region. What do you think is the most important ingredient for public administrations to embrace innovation in mobility?
In general, the public administration often suffers from a series of difficulties in finding within it adequate resources to guarantee a high use of technology and innovation. In my experience, a model that works is to support local and competent entities (in-house), specialized in these issues, which help and support in the choices for the territory and in the implementation of projects, also actively collaborating with market companies that are the solution providers.

How do you rate the technological offer in Italy instead?
I want to say right away that in Italy we have many niches of excellence that have developed specialist themes and that often attract foreign investments. In recent years we have often witnessed the acquisition of start-ups and small companies that own promising technologies from big companies and multinationals in the sector. The offer in Italy is very qualified with important groups and the commercial strength of the sector is on the rise as demonstrated by the study of the ITS market that TTS Italia has recently updated.

TTS Italia is also very active abroad. What are the suggestions that come from Europe and other continents?
We are in fact preparing to participate very actively in the 26th ITS World Congress to be held in Singapore in October. The meeting with the world community is very important at the business level, but also to identify new trends. For example, Europe is talking more and more about MaaS which means Mobility as a Service, or the concept of identifying a movement not with a means of transport but with one or more services that the user purchases based on his own needs. I believe this is the ground we will have to face over the next few years.

You have a degree in physics, but you have an entire career in the ITS world. What were the most significant steps for you in this world?
In a few weeks 30 years will have passed since my first day of work: in all this time I have always dealt with technology and innovation. First in the private sphere, working in the FIAT group in the field of research and development on the first satellite navigation systems. Then, after working in other companies also in the commercial field, I made the leap to the public administration where I started in 5T dealing with project management and services with high ITS technological content and later I did managerial tasks both in GTT and when in 2010 I became director of 5T. I believe it is this double formation, both in the private and in the public, an element that helps me in my mandate as president of TTS Italia, where I need to be able to understand the needs of the public administration, also representing the needs of companies in the market in our sector.

Product of the month

HERE Technologies for Telco’s: “HERE Cellular Signals”

HERE Technologies, a leading company in the digital maps and location services business, has recently launched a series of solutions for the telecommunications industry, providing a range of possibilities available to operators in the sector and of course to give the best users experience possible. Among them, we will talk in more detail about "HERE Cellular Signals", which provides updated and accurate information on the coverage and performance of the mobile network in over 196 countries worldwide..

An increasing number of industrial sectors shows a growing and marked interest in the development of "connected" location services, and we could, first of all, name the many segments and work areas involved in the technological innovation of the IoT, the Internet of Things: the automotive sector, transportation, health, telemetry, cyber security, smart cities, regulatory agencies, financial and insurance sector, each with its own level of maturity.
HERE Technologies is strongly engaged in developing these themes, providing its own version of the IoT through the implementation of the OLP (Open Location Platform), a development environment focused on location services that can be used on different vertical markets connecting people and data coming from a wide variety of sectors, from government authorities to logistics, from infrastructure to the automotive sector.
In Telecommunications industry segment, HERE Technologies has recently conceived and proposed a new set of solutions having in common the investments optimization, a better and more effective use of resources and costs, safer services. For reasons of synthesis we will briefly mention only a few solutions in this article, focusing on one of them in detail.
The premise is to offer a comprehensive set of location services that allow to gain geospatial insights into the location of the network infrastructure, customers and field service personnel, delivering location insights that help telecommunication providers better understand their network areas, existing demand and supply, gaps in network coverage, and physical locations of cables and towers. Location data helps network operators visualize and analyze their network performance in relation to where most drop-calls occur, where roaming services are most used and helps optimize resource assignment, enabling real-time information on field worker location and provides location insights into the telco infrastructure – right on the spot. Finally, positioning services can be decisive in preventing and significantly reducing fraudulent transactions by comparing data between user location and the merchant, building a historical log of accesses based on their position and eliminating GPS "spoofing" through the creation of an independent GPS system.
The solution we will discuss more in detail, "HERE Cellular Signal", provides for each road network stretch (from motorways to urban and residential roads) a snapshot of the coverage of the mobile network, divided by operator, signal strength and network type. The signal quality is represented in four categories, Excellent, Good, Acceptable or Weak. The possible uses of this "mobile signal mapping" are manifold, such as the need for mobile operators to monitor the performance of their network or simply to conduct analyzes on competitors, in order to identify areas of greatest effectiveness or weakness of the service and possibly planning maintenance or infrastructure investments. In detail, with the 5G introduction, which will lead to a new generation of connected services, it will be crucial to understand the signal quality in a certain area with great accuracy, making the mapping of the available band even more important.

How the product has been built

To create "HERE Cellular Signals", HERE Technologies has combined its global radio map, rich in dynamic content, with the road network one, among the best in the world in terms of quality and coverage. In building the first, HERE Technologies uses aggregated data from telephone cells, Wi-Fi data and GPS coordinates from more than 250 million connected devices that use HERE location technology and services around the world. The HERE location technology determines the positioning of each device based on the cellular network and Wi-Fi nearby, capturing also the signal quality; aggregating all this information, HERE Technologies has obtained a vast radio map with global coverage.
This radio map is updated on average over one hundred million times a day only considering the updates based on mobile devices. The enormous amount of processed data guarantees greater accuracy and positioning precision on each type of road, whether it be secondary, residential roads or rural roads. HERE Technologies also applies the principles of "machine learning" to identify anomalies and "noise" in crowdsourcing data in order to guarantee an increasingly accurate and qualitatively optimal output. The available format with which HERE Technologies supplies the product to its customers is the FGDB (File Geodatabase) with a quarterly frequency.

Telco’s use cases
“HERE Cellular Signals" offers a number of advantages to mobile network companies, such as the possibility of programming interventions to the network itself, in terms of radio frequency and / or infrastructure, as well as in carrying out service quality assessments, own and of the competitors on the market.
The product can also be useful to the customer service of the various operators in responding to customer questions related to the network service or to the team that handles relations with investors in the preparation of reports on the company's financial performance.
For the authorities of control or regulation of communications (in Italy, the AGCOM), it can also be supportive and helpful to visualize the status and quality of the signal on the national territory and assess its conformity to the standards of the law.

Transportation, logistic and automotive use cases
In reality, "HERE Cellular Signal" is by nature very versatile, lends itself to many other sectors and business cases, we try to review someone.
Transportation companies can take advantage of this product to improve information exchange between fleets and the dispatch center, optimize planning and logistics through the evaluation of cellular network coverage and consequently improve their services.
Similarly, in the automotive sector, connected vehicles require continuous connectivity to the cloud, road infrastructure and other vehicles. With HERE Cellular Signals, car manufacturers can suggest the best time to download or upload information. To give an example, if a vehicle can predict in advance that it is about to travel in an area with poor signal reception, it can pre-download the information it will need, guaranteeing a better driver's driving experience with minimal impact on network.

Other use cases
In the widespread diffusion of services based on data transmission and on the need for network connection, it is obvious that the quality map of cellular signal coverage lends itself to a very wide range of possibilities.
In the field of public security, for example, in calls management to emergency services (112, 113, 115, 118) it can be essential to provide the exact position of the caller for sending help or connect the caller in the most effective way with emergency vehicles or guarantee drivers, in the event of serious accidents, the fastest possible assistance.
We have already mentioned 5G and its imminent arrival which will involve the development of the new generation connection services; but leaving aside the promises of new services and significantly improved network performance that the various operators are already announcing, the certain fact is that a new network of transmitters will be required. The reason is intuitively simple to explain: 5G networks will use higher frequencies than the current ones. The higher frequency signal provides much higher performance in terms of speed, but in terms of distance it does not have much "range" and is strongly conditioned by the physical obstacles it encounters, if present, in the transmission. Consequently, to design an ideally perfect infrastructure, there are so many factors and variables to consider. HERE Technologies, in cooperation with other partners (Infosys e Shields) announced at the recent Mobile World Congress in Barcelona to want to implement a solution to support development of the new technology, the 5G. Experience in identifying and modeling physical elements and objects in 3D such as poles, trees and buildings takes network planning to a new level, from theory to reality. The schematization of the real world leads to a new level of accuracy based on the real environment ready to be served by the next generation of radio frequencies.
Greater accuracy in the tools used to design networks of the future facilitates the choice, selection and positioning of the transmitter, optimizing investments and reducing subsequent interventions. 3D tools reduce the number of physical "in situ" surveys needed to plan each specific area. Network design can be reduced to a few days and mobile network operators can upgrade, install new equipment and add capacity much more effectively and quickly than in the past.
HERE Cellular Signals is already integrated in a new solution developed by Continual, which provides car manufacturers (for “connected” cars and the very popular and popular “infotainment” services) and mobile network operators with a unique set of tools to analyze and improve the connected travel experience.

3D model simulation for the infratsructure planning

Planning of the infrastructure with 3D modelling

For information and contacts:
Massimiliano Arcieri,
Product Management HERE Technologies
massimiliano.arcieri@here.com

Projects of the month

Mobility, no longer a means but a service

The era of Mobility as a Service arrives. The new frontier for transport: travels become services to be consumed by choosing the most practical, efficient and sustainable opportunity. A pilot test starts in Turin.

Mobility is generally a less receptive sector to innovations than others. Consider, for example, the changes of the last few decades in the telecommunications field that have revolutionized our lives. On the contrary, the transport model has remained substantially unchanged. For some years, on the other hand, driven by technological advances in transport vehicles and personal devices, strong signs of change are emerging also in the use of mobility. One of these is the concept of “Mobility as a Service” or MaaS that represents a new model for urban travel.

What is MaaS
The MaaS is the integration of multiple transport services, public and private, customized and offered on a single platform: information, booking and payment of the various mobility offers are no longer confined to the systems of each individual mode. Buses, trains, taxis, carsharing, bikesharing and more can be consumed on demand, in response to mobility needs for different categories of users and according to profiled packages that offer a mix of services suited to the needs of each citizen, a bit like happens with the mobile phone tariff plans that offer calls, messages, internet and TV. The advantage is to have a more accessible user-experience that will allow economic, sustainable and adaptable choices to different needs: a single application will allow citizens to choose optimal routes, purchase and validate tickets, unlock vehicles, check transactions and travel. Finally, it will help citizens make more rational choices and improve overall urban mobility. The main objective is to reduce the number of owned vehicles and migrate to a service-based economy, more efficient for the entire transport system, after decades of car ownership seen as social and behavioral status which has generated excessive consumption of public land, a rather valuable resource, particularly in Italian cities.

Torino Living Lab
In this innovative context, Turin is carrying out a pilot experimentation of the MaaS paradigm through the participation in three different initiatives represented by the European projects IMOVE, SOLEZ and SUMPs-UP. The pilot experiment called "Living Lab MaaS Torino", thanks to dedicated IT platform, provides to employees of some companies in the territory a MaaS Mobile App.
General Motors is the first company to have joined this pilot service recently, to be extended also to employees of the Municipality. Employees will be invited by the Mobility Manager to participate on a voluntary basis in the trial during which they will be able to use the App for consuming the services offered by GTT - Gruppo Trasporti Torinese (Bus, Tram, Metro), ToBIKE (bike sharing), WETAXI (official service of the Turin Taxi Cooperative) and MIMOTO (scooter sharing service). The application, in addition to booking and payment, allows the validation of the ticket on board the vehicle, the opening of the entrance gates to the subway, the direct unlocking of the bikes and electric scooters. In the realization of the "Living Lab MaaS Torino" service, two different cases of use are considered: the employee's journey from home to work and the employee's trips within his own working activity. The participants in the initiative will be encouraged and will be able to contribute to earn monthly awards to those who have demonstrated more sustainable behaviour. At each trip, sustainability points are assigned, calculated on the basis of the mobility choices and the polluting emissions generated by the chosen mean, the points are equivalent to the number of trees required for the absorption of the CO2 produced by each shift.

The role of FIT Consulting
FIT Consulting is part of this ambitious project, and in Turin it works with the Municipality and with 5T to design the model, to support technical developments and to carry out evaluation of results; the goal is to demonstrate that MaaS is an effective model for changing citizens' habits and preparing our cities for the next challenge that will be represented by self-driving cars, a revolution in the transport sector that will necessarily be accompanied by a of rational and sustainable service-model.
On May 9th, the first results of the ongoing trials were presented at the international Turin Book exhibition.

FORLÌ MAKES GIANT LEAPS IN SMART MOBILITY

Forlì, Monday,20th May 2019. Via della Repubblica hosted the press conference to show the first project in Italy of intelligent bus stop signs, which installation will be completed within the end of June 2019.

SWARCO, partner of the public transport company for years, is the enabler of this Italian record, even this time.
The project, partially funded by the European POR-FESR commission, will see SWARCO as main actor for the supply and installation of 27 new innovative electronic bus stop devices, in addition to the 37 already part of Start Romagna network. The new signs will be placed at 22 city bus stops and 5 in the municipalities of the Forlì area. Equipment will be connected to the local AVM system to send information of the position of the bus in real time.
"By the end of June these new devices will be installed. They have two essential features - explains Alberto Olivetti, head of technologies of Start Romagna -. The first is that they are equipped with e-ink technology with long-life battery. Therefore, they do not need power supply and can be installed anywhere, without civil works. The second basic characteristic is the acoustic vocalizer for people with visual difficulties. A wireless button, placed on the pole, allows the vocalization of information on the display, so that people with visual difficulties could be able to have all information needed”.
Giuseppe Neri, Domestic Sales Director at SWARCO, enthusiastically states: "After years of collaboration, we are happy to be partner, once again, of a virtuous company like Start Romagna. The satisfaction of the final user is the main objective of our company, especially in sensitive and accessible, smart and green mobility projects!".

TTS Italia partners

ANIASA inaugurates the "Digital Automotive" section: the TTS Italia companies among the founding members

There are several companies associated with TTS Italia among the founding members of the new "Digital Automotive" section launched by ANIASA: ACI Infomobility, Unipol, Octo Telematics, Targa Telematics, Viasat.
The telematics and connected mobility sector thus officially enters ANIASA.
The new section will be added to the four already existing (long-term rental, rent-a-car, vehicle sharing, car services) to find appropriate tools for dialogue, analysis and representation towards the various mobility stakeholders and national institutions and local.
The Digital Automotive Section was set up on May 30th during the ANIASA Assembly in Rome.
Source: ANIASA/TTS Italia

Autostrade Tech at Forum PA 2019

Autostrade Tech, the center of technological excellence of the "Autostrade per l'Italia-Atlantia" Group, and TTS Italia founding member, operates in the sectors of mobility and infovability, not only on motorways, but also at territorial level. It deals with urban and metropolitan mobility, LTZ and TCZ access control, tourist BUS access control, access control for logistics areas, ports, interports, airports. The company is involved in projects and interventions for access systems in internal areas and company car parks with TELEPASS® enabled equipment, parking control and management of parking facilities, projects for Smart Cities, Local Public Transport monitoring, Tourist Bus Tracking, multimodal ticketing Bus of the LPT, solutions for mobile-ticketing on the Buses. Autostrade tech deals with traffic management systems, plant engineering and technology for Traffic Control Rooms and information on mobility, Road Safety Solutions. The active participation of Autostrade Tech in the 2019 edition of the " FORUM PA", held in Rome from 14 to 16 May, took the form of the presence in the pavilion adjacent to the Work Tables area. Autostrade Tech has participated in the "Smart City & Internet of Things" Working Table on sustainability issues, because Autostrade Tech's objective is also to consolidate its role and its action in the field of Smart City in the territories. The Table, together with Councilors and Mobility Managers of some important Cities and Regions, dealt with the issues of innovation for sustainability and among these also the issues of local public services, mobility and security.
Source: Autostrade Tech

Project Automation wins tender for air monitoring

Project Automation, TTS Italia ordinary member, has won the tender issued by the Sicily Agency for the Environment Protection (ARPA) for the full service maintenance of the instrumentation of the air quality monitoring network of ARPA Sicily.
Source: TTS Italia

Sinelec at the Annual Technology Summit of IBTTA in Orlando

Sinelec, TTS Italia supporting member, participated as an exhibitor at the IBTTA Annual Technology Summit held in Orlando from March 30th to April 2nd. With over 900 participants, the event now represents a point of reference in the panorama of sector meetings where Highway Operators, Transport Agencies, Technology Manufacturers and Solution Providers, can be compared on the future challenges of the transport world and on the importance of digital innovation as a key enabler. The innovative solutions presented by Sinelec in the area of Electronic Tolling and Traffic Safety have attracted great interest from all the players in the supply chain.
The event was also an opportunity to communicate to the market the successful opening of Sinelec's American branch, Sinelec Usa Inc, which with the support of the Italian structure and leveraging on the synergy with Halmar International will have the mission to start the entrance in the US territory and develop the long-term expansion strategy.
Source: Sinelec

Smact: 7 ME fundings and Thetis among the members

Smact, the NordEst competence center, begins to take its first steps following the issuance of the decree of the Ministry of Economic Development with which 7 million euros of funding were granted.
Smact, founded by 40 members, including Thetis, TTS Italia ordinary member, will operate in 5 technological areas: Social, Mobile, Analytics, Cloud and Internet of Things (hence the acronym SMACT) and which has the goal of fostering collaboration between the world of research and that of business.
The administrative body of Smact is a Management Board of 7 members led by the vice-rector of the University of Padua for technology transfer, Fabrizio Dughiero, while the registered office is at the San Giobbe Economic Campus of the Ca ’Foscari Venice University. The chairman of the supervisory board is Daniele Finocchiaro, president of the board of directors of the University of Trento.
At the same time, the name of the general manager who will be Andrea Tellarini (who will make use of a group of 6 collaborators) was announced, whose first task is to prepare the calls for proposals for technological innovation and industrial research (IRISS) for the companies, projects that will be financed up to 50% with ministerial funds assigned to the Smact. The loan is divided as follows: 4.3 million for the start-up phase and development of live demos and 2.7 million for technological innovation projects for small, medium and large companies.
Source: www.ilnordestquotidiano.it

Telecom Italia wins tender for integrated videosurveillance

Telecom Italia, TTS Italia ordinary member, has won the tender issued by Terre d’Argine Union for the supply and installation of an integrated video surveillance system in the territories of the Terre d’Argine Union.
Source: TTS Italia

TTS in action

TTS Italia at “MOBILITY REPORT – Ideas and solutions for mobility”

TTS Italia was one of the protagonists of the second edition of "MOBILITY REPORT - Ideas and solutions for mobility", on May 16th in Rome.
The theme of the Environmental Agenda is a great political challenge and indeed the indicators confirm a substantial incompatibility between the measures taken and the objectives to be achieved indicated in the Treaty of Paris and by the targets shared then by the United Nations. The challenges posed on the urban environment include traffic, lack of funds to provide basic services, degradation or lack of infrastructure.
According to the 15th Report on Isfort's mobility in Italy (November 2018), "in 2017, 58.6% of all journeys (81.6% of total motorized journeys) took place with cars. To help achieve European goals at 2030 and 2050, the intermediate target for urban areas is to reduce the modal division between the car and other forms of transport and mobility within the next few years by at least 50% ".
The two associations AIPARK and ASSTRA (which represent the operators that manage the services related to approximately 73% of daily trips - private vehicle parking and Local Public Transport) in collaboration with the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome - La Sapienza and Isfort are addressing the issue, to highlight the possible interventions to reshape the modal split towards more sustainable ways to restore the livability and competitiveness of urban centers.
The report presented during the event starts with an integrated analysis of socio-economic data, urban mobility and parking management, having created three macro groups of Italian cities, divided by number of inhabitants, and investigates the correlation between parking management tariff system and the components of the urban mobility system. This is the first time that such an approach has been addressed in Italy, combining the data of parking management with data on mobility.
In the afternoon, the event was also the occasion to present the joint TTS Italia-AIPARK initiative for the standardization of parking digitalization procedures.

TTS Italia at the AIIT workshop on MaaS

TTS Italia, represented by Secretary General Olga Landolfi, was one of the speakers at the workshop ”Mobility as a Service (MaaS) in Italy: between "proclamations" and "reality", organized on May 7th, in Rome, by the Order of Engineers of the Province of Rome, in collaboration with the Italian Association for Traffic and Transport Engineering (AIIT).
In the mobility sector, strong changes are underway: habits and ways of moving change, we are moving towards multimodal and shared mobility. On the market there are new intermediaries and new forms of provision of mobility services. The means to move change, the vehicles are increasingly ecological and equipped with very sophisticated driver assistance systems, a prelude to "automatic" and "autonomous" vehicles.
But above all the people who move, the "movers" and / or "drivers" of the last generation want to be always connected and informed.
The MaaS, innovative mobility service systems capable of satisfying online requests also and above all via smartphone, give an answer to these changes.
The seminar, thanks to the contributions of the main national actors, tried to clarify and make a sufficiently "realistic" picture of the current state of the art in Italy of the MaaS.
Speakers of the day: ACI, founding member of TTS Italia; 5T and Rome Mobility Services, ordinary members of TTS Italia.

TTS Italia on Radio 24 at #Autotrasporti

How much impact does innovation have on logistics? Will the autonomous guide change the world of commercial transport? These are the questions answered by Rossella Panero, President of TTS Italia, during the interview with Radio 24 in the broadcast #Autotrasporti.
The interview is available (only in Italian) here 

Save the date

Third National Conference on SUMPSs
6-7 June 2019, Rome 
For further information, click here

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NAVIGATION, PORTS AND LOGISTICS
11-12 June 2019, Rome 
For further information, click here

CONNECTED MOBILITY SUMMIT 2019
13 June 2019, Milan
For further information, click here

Port&ShippingTech
26-28 June 2019, Genoa
For further information, click here

13° ITS European Congress
3-6 June 2019, Brainport Eindhoven, The Netherlands
For further information, click here

6° European Conference on Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
17-18 June 2019, Groningen, The Netherlands
For further information, click here

IMPACT>MOBILITY
24-25 June 2019, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
For further information, click here

ITS relevant tenders in Italy

For all the relevant tenders click here

Italia-San Tomaso Agordino: Speed control devices
Italia-Bari: Street forniture
Italia-Bari: Services for parking areas
Italia-Lucca: Services for data elaboration
Italia-Palma Campania: Speed control devices
Italia-Roma: Services for computing assistance

TTS Italia informs that data are used in the respect of the GDPR 2016/679
Click here for further information.